Python Operators

 

In Python, operators are symbols or tokens that perform a specific operation on one or more operands. Operators can be used to perform a wide range of tasks, from basic arithmetic to assignment and comparison.

Here are some examples of common operators in Python:

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

# addition
x = 2 + 3

# subtraction
x = 5 - 2

# multiplication
x = 4 * 6

# division
x = 10 / 2

# remainder (modulus)
x = 11 % 3

# exponentiation
x = 2 ** 3

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values and return a Boolean value (True or False) based on the result of the comparison.

# equal to
x = 2 == 2

# not equal to
x = 2 != 3

# greater than
x = 4 > 3

# less than
x = 2 < 5

# greater than or equal to
x = 2 >= 2

# less than or equal to
x = 4 <= 5

Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign a value to a variable.

# basic assignment
x = 5

# compound assignment
x += 2  # equivalent to x = x + 2
x -= 3  # equivalent to x = x - 3
x *= 4  # equivalent to x = x * 4
x /= 5  # equivalent to x = x / 5
x %= 6  # equivalent to x = x % 6
x **= 7  # equivalent to x = x ** 7

Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to perform logical operations like AND, OR, and NOT.

# AND
x = True and False

# OR
x = True or False

# NOT
x = not True

Identity Operators

Identity operators are used to compare the identity of two objects.

# is
x = [1, 2, 3]
y = [1, 2, 3]
z = x

print(x is y)  # False
print(x is z)  # True

# is not
print(x is not y)  # True
print(x is not z)  # False

Membership Operators

Membership operators are used to test if an element is a member of a sequence (like a list or a string).

# in
x = 'cat'
y = 'dog'
z = ['cat', 'dog']

print('cat' in x)  # True
print('cat' in y)  # False
print('cat' in z)  # True

# not in
print('cat' not in x)  # False
print('cat' not in y)  # True
print('cat' not in z)  # False

Overall, operators are a crucial part of Python programming, allowing you to perform a wide range of tasks and operations on data. Whether you're working with basic arithmetic, comparison, assignment, logical, identity, or membership operators, they provide a powerful and flexible way to manipulate and work with data in your code.